Hak Warisan Wanita dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Kajian Sosial Hukum Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61181/hz686k74Keywords:
Inheritance law, Islamic law, Gender equality, Socio-historical analysis, Female heirsAbstract
Background. The issue of women’s inheritance rights has long been a subject of discussion in Islamic law. Although the Qur’an establishes a ratio of two-to-one between male and female heirs, many modern scholars and feminists challenge this provision, arguing for equal inheritance based on justice and social changes.
Aim. This study aims to analyze the development of female inheritance rights within the framework of Islamic law, focusing on socio-historical factors and debates that have shaped its evolution, and to predict possible directions for its future interpretation.
Methods. This research employs a library-based qualitative approach (library research) by examining classical fiqh literature from the four schools of thought and comparing them with contemporary interpretations and gender justice discourses.
Results. The study finds that the classical formulation of 2:1 emerged during the socio-historical context of a patriarchal society, in which women had minimal public and economic roles. However, in contemporary contexts, where women increasingly contribute to family and public life, scholars propose more egalitarian approaches, either through reinterpretation or consensual redistribution mechanisms such as hibah and shadaqah. The study recommends a mediating framework between textual and contextual readings to achieve both fidelity to scripture and social justice.
References
A. Samad, Sri Astuti. “Kajian Hukum Keluarga Islam dalam Perspektif Sosiologis di Indonesia.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 4, No. 1 (2021): 138. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v4i1.9899.
Agususanto, Agususanto. “Akibat Hukum Perubahan Status Transgender Terhadap Kewarisan dalam Perspektif Fikih Empat Mazhab.” Masters, IAIN Bengkulu, 2019. http://repository.iainbengkulu.ac.id/4230/.
Aḥmad, Lailā ʿAbd-al-Laṭīf. Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. Veritas paperback edition. Veritas Paperbacks Ser. Yale University Press, 2021.
Ali bin Yusuf al-Fairuzi Abadi al-Syairazi, Syaikh al-Imam Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin. Al-Muhadhdhab Fi Fiqhi Imam al-Shafi’i. Syirkah al-Nur Asiya, n.d.
al-Shāfiʿī. Al-Umm. Dār al-Ma‘rifah, 1973.
Anisa, Lina Nur. “Rukun Nikah dalam Empat Mazhab: Tinjauan Fikih dan Relevansinya di Zaman Modern.” The Jure: Journal of Islamic Law 2, No. 1 (2024): 100–124.
Arrasyid, Habib. “Interpretasi Pembagian Waris dalam QS. An-Nisa [4]: 11: Analisis Hermeneutika Double Movement Fazlur Rahman.” Jurnal Semiotika-Q: Kajian Ilmu al-Quran dan Tafsir 3, no. 2 (2023): 400–413. https://doi.org/10.19109/jsq.v3i2.26766.
Devi Permata Putri Iryanti. “Pembagian Hak Waris Terhadap Ahli Waris Yang Transgender dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” Diploma, S1-Hukum Keluarga, 2023. https://doi.org/10/4/1908201021_7_dafpus.pdf.
Dwi, Dwi Dasa Suryantoro. “Implementasi Hukum Waris Islam di Indonesia Prespektif Kajian Normatif dan Realitas Sosial.” SAMAWA: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 5, No. 1 (2025): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.53948/samawa.v5i1.160.
Fazlur Rahman. Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. University of Chicago Press, 1982.
Guest, Greg, Kathleen M. MacQueen, and Emily E. Namey. Applied Thematic Analysis. Sage Publications, 2012.
Hakim, M. Lutfi. “Keadilan Kewarisan Islam terhadap Bagian Waris 2:1 Antara Laki-Laki dengan Perempuan Perspektif Filsafat Hukum Islam.” Al-Maslahah: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 12, no. 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.24260/almaslahah.v12i1.339.
Harahap, Fitri Habibah, Rizki Hamonangan Dalimunthe, and Fatimah Siregar. “Pemberdayaan Perempuan dalam Perspektif Islam: Kajian Hukum, Sosial, dan Gender di Dunia Modern.” PeTeKa 8, no. 1 (2025): 154–62. https://doi.org/10.31604/ptk.v8i1.154-162.
Hasanah, Uswatun, Faisar Ananda Arfa, and Nurasiah Nurasiah. “Transformasi Hukum Waris dalam Perspektif Filsafat Hukum Islam.” Journal of Science And Social Research 8, no. 1 (2025): 604–9. https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v8i1.2755.
Hasballah, Khairuddin, Tarmizi M. Jakfar, and Mursyid Djawas. “Perlindungan Hak-Hak Perempuan Melalui Kepemilikan Harta Warisan Menurut Hukum Islam.” Kafa`ah: Journal of Gender Studies 11, No. 1 (2021): 41–54. https://doi.org/10.15548/jk.v11i1.420.
Ibn Qudāmah. Al-Mughnī. Dār al-Fikr, 1985.
Khatibi, Syekh Muhammad Sya’rany al-. Al-Iqna’. Juz II. Toha Putra, n.d.
Mahfuz, Mahfuz, Sarbini Anim, Fahmi Islam Jiwanto, Ali An Sun Geun, Samsul Maarif, and Khalis Kohari. “The Role of Islamic Inheritance Law in Wealth Distribution and Social Welfare.” Al-Risalah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam 16, No. 1 (2025): 290–307. https://doi.org/10.34005/alrisalah.v16i1.4520.
Mahfuz, Mahfuz, Sarbini Anim, Fahmi Islam Jiwanto, Ali An Sun Geun, Samsul Maarif, and Khalis Kohari. “The Role of Islamic Inheritance Law in Wealth Distribution and Social Welfare.” Al-Risalah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam 16, No. 1 (2025): 290–307. https://doi.org/10.34005/alrisalah.v16i1.4520.
Matthew B. Miles, A. Michael Huberman, Johnny Saldaña. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Edited by 4th. SAGE Publications, 2020.
Mernissi, Fatima. Women and Islam: An Historical and Theological Enquiry. 1. publ. engl. transl. Basil Blackwell, 1991.
Mulyani, Sri. “Analisis Keadilan Gender Dalam Pembagian Warisan Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Ameena Journal 3, no. 2 (2025): 163–73. https://doi.org/10.63732/aij.v3i2.175.
Muttaqin, Labib. “Aplikasi Teori Double Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Doktrin Kewarisan Islam Klasik.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 7, No. 2 (2013): 195–206. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v7i2.564.
Pratiwi, Lydia Aprilia. “Hak Waris Perempuan dalam Hukum Islam Sebagai Analisis Perbandingan Terhadap Interpretasi Hukum dalam Peradilan Agama.” Judakum: Jurnal Dedikasi Hukum 3, No. 2 (2024): 92–100.
Qudamah, al-Maqdisi Muwaffaq ad-Din Abu Muḥammad ʿAbd Allah ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Ibnu. Al-Mughni Syarh Mukhtashar al-Khiraqi Li Ibn Qudamah. Dar al- Katib wa kitab, 1997.
“Riffat Hassan’s Thoughts on Gender Issues in the Qur’an.” Al-Dzikra: Jurnal Studi Ilmu al-Qur’an Dan al-Hadits 18, no. 1 (2024): 131–50. https://doi.org/10.24042/002024182212500.
Ritonga, Raja, Aulia Rezi, and Asril Fauzi. “Transformasi Sosial dan Hubungannya dengan Pembagian Harta Warisan Menurut Perspektif Hukum Islam.” QISTHOSIA: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 4, No. 2 (2023): 166–77. https://doi.org/10.46870/jhki.v4i2.718.
Saiin, Asrizal. “Menelaah Hukum Waris Pra-Islam dan Awal Islam Serta Peletakan Dasar-Dasar Hukum Kewarisan Islam.” Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 9, No. 1 (2017): 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2016.09108.
Sarah. “Positivisasi Hukum Kewarisan Islam Terkait Hak Waris Cucu Dzawī Al-Arḫām di Indonesia dan Malaysia Perspektif Gender dan Imam Mazhab.” masterThesis, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2021. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/56837.
Sulfinadia, Hamda, and Jurna Petri Roszi. “Moderation of Madhhabs in West Sumatra Towards Hadhanah of Minors Whose Mothers Remarry.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 7, no. 2 (2024): 789–815. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i2.23941.
Syarifah, Inayatul. “Analisis Maslahat Terhadap Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Memutus Perkara Sengketa Harta Waris Yang Dihibahkan.” AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam 3, no. 2 (2021): 2. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v3i2.807.
Syarifuddin, Amir. Hukum kewarisan Islam. Kencana, 2005.
Syaripin, A. Komarudin. “Perubahan Sosial dan Reaktualisasi Hukum Waris Islam.” At-Tatbiq 6, no. 1 (2021): 78–96.
Thalib, Sayuti. Hukum Kewarisan Islam Di Indonesia. Edisi revisi. Sinar Grafika, 2016.
Waddin, Aufal Hadliq Khaiyyul Millati, and Beni Ashari. “Integrasi Konsep Pewaris, Ahli Waris, Harta Waris, Dan Mawāni’ Al-Irts dalam Kerangka Keadilan Distribusi Warisan Islam.” Mabahits: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 6, No. 01 (2025): 43–53. https://doi.org/10.62097/mabahits.v6i01.2218.
Wahyunadi, Zulham, and Raihanah HJ Azahari. “Perubahan Sosial dan Kaitannya dengan Pembagian Harta Warisan dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 14, No. 2 (2015): 166–89. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v14i2.328.
Wahyunadi, Zulham, and Raihanah HJ Azahari. “Perubahan Sosial dan Kaitannya dengan Pembagian Harta Warisan dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 14, No. 2 (2015): 166–89. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v14i2.328.
Zulaiha, Siti. “Hak Waris Bagi Wanita/Perempuan dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif.” Yinyang: Jurnal Studi Islam Gender Dan Anak 8, No. 2 (2013): 83–98.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Moh. Zunaidi Halimi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
