Tarsib: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI
type: channel
description: TARSIB: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses (not limited) on critical studies of basic education. Contains the dynamics of learning at the elementary or madrasah ibtidaiyah level and focuses on developing studies of basic education problems. This journal is published by LP3M STAI At-Tahdzib Jombang. Tarsib The PGMI Study Program Journal is published every April and October of one year. truk tangki https://isnujombang.org/ https://sushiteigroup.org/ https://kinleybistro.org/ https://ojs.ejournalunigoro.org/ https://nanyangroastery.com/ https://bistronomix.org/ https://palmbeachseafood.org/ https://ktbfuso.org/ https://tbpnickel.org/ https://chandra-asri.org/ https://akashainternational.org/ https://www.astra-daihatsu.org/ https://fksfs.com/ https://mitsubishimotors.org/ https://ojs.ejournalunigoro.com/sintesi https://conference.indonesiafocus.net/ https://www.geospatialhealth.net/ https://research.kpru.ac.th/journal_science/ ROKOKBET https://sandiegohills.org/family-facilities/ https://vestnik.kbsu.ru/ https://jurnal.idu.ac.id/ SLOT88 https://lppm.una.ac.id/ https://jgp.ejournal.unri.ac.id/ https://www.reumatismo.org/reuma/about/submissions https://servicos.ourem.pt/ https://jurnal2.isi-dps.ac.id/ TOTO 4D https://ejurnal.unik-cipasung.ac.id/ https://jurnal.eka-prasetya.ac.id/ https://gmscholars.com/ slot88 https://sep.ejournal.unri.ac.id/ https://fincallambrich.com/ https://search.rads-doi.org/ https://www.dakwah.iairm-ngabar.ac.id/ https://www.syariah.iairm-ngabar.ac.id/ https://www.tarbiyah.iairm-ngabar.ac.id/ https://kunoozu.edu.iq/scholarship/en/ toto 4d situs gacor https://pmb.sttw.ac.id/ https://procournal.indonesiafocus.net/ e-ISSN 3046-806X p-ISSN 3046-8264
publisher: Prodi PGMI STAI At-Tahdzib Ngoro Jombang
language: en
publication name: Tarsib: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI
issn: 3046-8264
items: Challenges and Strategies of Elementary School Teachers in Planning Character Education Based on Local Culture
items: Internalization of Islamic Value-Based Character Education in the Daily Lives of Madrasah Ibtidayah Students
items: Love-Based Curriculum: Fostering a Spiritual, Humanistic, and Inclusive Educational Paradigm in Madrasah
items: Academic Burnout of Elementary School Students in Lamongan
items: Integrating the Project-Based Learning Model as An Effort to Strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile and Students’ Holistic Character
items: Folklore as the Key to Instilling Ethical Values in Javanese Language Learning
items: Problems and Strategies of Teachers in the Application of the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesian Language Learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Fithrah Surabaya
items: The Influence of Teaching Situations and Motivational Beliefs on Teaching Quality Ranking
items: Integration of Religious Moderation Values in the Islamic Religious Education Learning
items: The Relevance of Islamic Religious Values ​​in Fostering Religious Attitudes of Elementary School Students
items: Independent Curriculum in Learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
items: Blended Learning and its Influence on Improving Student Literacy Competencies
items: Innovative Learning Planning in the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project in Islamic Religious Education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and Elementary Schools
items: Problems of Language Acquisition from a Psycholinguistic Perspective
items: Development of English Board Learning Media to Increase Learning Motivation in English Subjects in Grade 3 of Elementary Madrasah
items: Teachers Efforts in Preventing Bullying Behavior
items: Challenges and Strategies for Implementing Inclusive Curriculum in Elementary Schools
items: Internalisasi Pendidikan Profetik dalam Pendidikan Islam
items: Kontribusi Apersepsi dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
items: Islamic Religious Education Learning in Elementary School Plus at Islamic Boarding School
items: Pembelajaran Materi Perkalian Dasar dengan Menggunakan Metode Menghadirkan Matematika dalam Kehidupan Peserta Didik (MMDKP)
items: Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
items: Dinamika Interaksi Sosial di Lingkungan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Yaqin Surabaya
items: Penanaman Pendidikan Karakter Religius di Lembaga Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Yaqin Surabaya
items: Animation Interactive Base Learning pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Materi Siklus Air Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Uwais
items: Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik Berbasis Living Values Education Melalui Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka
items: Pengaruh Penggunaan Alat Peraga Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Tematik Siswa Kelas V
items: Menumbuhkan Altruisme Siswa Melalui Kisah Nabi Ayyub a.s dan Khalifah Umar bin Khattab r.a

Challenges and Strategies of Elementary School Teachers in Planning Character Education Based on Local Culture
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the challenges and strategies faced by elementary school teachers in planning character education based on local culture in the era of the Merdeka Curriculum. A qualitative approach with a multi-site case study design was employed at two elementary schools in East Java, involving 12 teachers as primary informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation of lesson plan development, and document analysis of school curricula. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify meaning patterns. The results reveal three main challenges: Limitations in integrating local culture into standard national Lesson Plan; insufficient teacher training on contextual approaches, and; resistance from students/parents toward non-formal materials. Teacher-developed strategies include adapting local folktales (such as the Suroboyo legend) into collaborative projects, collaboration with traditional figures, and modification of portfolio-based character assessments. These findings imply the need for strengthened teacher training and flexible school policies to enrich character education. This research contributes to developing contextual lesson planning models in elementary schools.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Lesson planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Character education
  topic: keywords
subject: Local culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Elementary school teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: Merdeka curriculum
  topic: keywords
creator: Rohmah Istikomah
creator: Suhadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rohmah Istikomah, Suhadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 10
ending page: 21
doi: 10.61181/z5079z43

Internalization of Islamic Value-Based Character Education in the Daily Lives of Madrasah Ibtidayah Students
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the process of internalizing Islamic value-based character education in the daily lives of students at Madrasah Ibtidayah (MI) Islamiyah Ngoro Jombang. The background of this study is based on the importance of strengthening religious character amidst the challenges of globalization and technological developments that impact student behavior. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with research subjects including the madrasah principal, teachers, and students. The results show that internalization of Islamic values ​​is carried out through several strategies, namely teacher role models (uswah hasanah), habituation of religious activities such as congregational prayer, reading the Qur’an, and other religious activities, and integration of character values ​​in the classroom learning process. In addition, a conducive madrasah environment and support from parents also strengthen the internalization process. The dominant character values ​​instilled in students include religiosity, discipline, responsibility, and politeness. However, this study also identified several obstacles, including differences in students’ family backgrounds, influences from the environment outside the madrasah, and limited supervision outside of school hours. Therefore, synergy between madrasahs, families, and the community is needed to continuously strengthen Islamic values-based character education.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Internalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Character education
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic values
  topic: keywords
subject: Madrasah ibtidaiyah students
  topic: keywords
creator: Choirul Anam
creator: Novia Rosyidah Hidayati Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Choirul Anam, Novia Rosyidah Hidayati Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 22
ending page: 30
doi: 10.61181/44y2vx25

Love-Based Curriculum: Fostering a Spiritual, Humanistic, and Inclusive Educational Paradigm in Madrasah
type: item
description: The curriculum is the foundation of the educational process that shapes learners’ character, spirituality, and social awareness. This study explores the concept and implementation of a Love-Based Curriculum (LBC) as an effort to develop a spiritual, humanistic, and inclusive paradigm in madrasah education. The main objective of this research is to examine how love centered values such as compassion, empathy, and respect for diversity can be integrated into learning design, teaching strategies, and educational culture in Islamic schools. Using a qualitative descriptive method through literature review and content analysis, this study analyzes various theoretical frameworks, educational models, and previous research related to love-based education. The findings indicate that a LBC encourages holistic learning, strengthens emotional and spiritual intelligence, and promotes inclusive attitudes among students. Moreover, it provides a moral foundation that harmonizes intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development in accordance with Islamic values. The study concludes that implementing a LBC is essential to actualize madrasah as institutions that nurture compassionate, tolerant, and morally grounded individuals.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Love-Based Curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Spiritual Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Humanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Madrasah
  topic: keywords
creator: Robi'ul Afif Nurul 'Aini
creator: Moch Solich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Robi'ul Afif Nurul 'Aini, Moch Solich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.61181/mggjd219

Academic Burnout of Elementary School Students in Lamongan
type: item
description: Academic burnout is an increasingly prevalent issue among students, including those at the elementary school level, due to rising academic demands and learning pressures. This condition has the potential to hinder students’ learning well-being and academic development. This study aimed to analyze the level of academic burnout among elementary school students in Lamongan Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. The research subjects consisted of 41 elementary school students selected as the study sample. Data were collected using an academic burnout questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics with the assistance of SPSS, including minimum and maximum scores, mean, standard deviation, and categorization of academic burnout levels. The results showed that students’ academic burnout scores ranged from 24 to 96, with a mean score of 69.39 and a standard deviation of 15.377. Based on the categorization results, the majority of students were classified as having a high level of academic burnout (53.66%), followed by a moderate level (41.46%) and a low level (4.88%). These findings indicate that academic burnout is a dominant condition experienced by elementary school students in Lamongan Regency, highlighting the need for attention and intervention from schools and educators to reduce students’ academic burnout levels.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Academic Burnout
  topic: keywords
subject: Elementary School Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Lamongan
  topic: keywords
creator: Moh. Vito Miftahul Munif
creator: M. Naqouib Ashrofun Nashr
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Moh. Vito Miftahul Munif, M. Naqouib Ashrofun Nashr https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 42
ending page: 50
doi: 10.61181/qejasy47

Integrating the Project-Based Learning Model as An Effort to Strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile and Students’ Holistic Character
type: item
description: In the era of 21st century educational transformation, schools are required not only to produce academically intelligent students, but also to have strong character, national values, and skills that are relevant to global challenges. One of the strategic efforts to realize this is through the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) which is in line with strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5). This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PjBL model in shaping students’ holistic character and developing 21st century skills at Alifya Elementary School Bondowoso in 2025. The approach used is qualitative with a descriptive method. Data was collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and document analysis and project documentation. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and interactive conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the implementation of PjBL at Alifya Elementary School Bondowoso is carried out systematically through contextual projects such as the creation of miniature villages and mini parks that foster the value of mutual cooperation, responsibility, and creativity. The project activities also strengthen the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile, including faith and noble character, independence, cooperation, critical reasoning, and creativity. In addition, 21st century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity are developing significantly through planning activities, teamwork, problem-solving, and presentation of results. These findings confirm that PjBL not only improves cognitive achievement, but also shapes the moral, social, and spiritual character of students as a whole. Thus, the implementation of PjBL is an effective strategy in realizing the goal of national education based on Pancasila values in elementary schools.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Project-based learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Pancasila student profile
  topic: keywords
subject: 21st century skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Holistic character
  topic: keywords
subject: Contextual learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Ansori
creator: Bagus Cahyanto
creator: Fatik Lutviana Anggraini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Choirul Ansori, Bagus Cahyanto, Fatik Lutviana Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 33
ending page: 41
doi: 10.61181/gxftyj29

Folklore as the Key to Instilling Ethical Values in Javanese Language Learning
type: item
description: Folklore is part of the cultural heritage created by humans and inherited from generation to generation, both orally and partially oral. In the context of education, especially in the digital era full of global information flows, folklore plays an important role in maintaining local values and the character of the nation. Culture cannot be separated from the education received, because education is a means to transfer cultural values to the younger generation. Javanese folklore, which has valuable moral, ethical, and character values, is very useful in the process of learning Javanese language in instilling ethical values. Teaching materials using folklore will shape students’ attitudes to be polite, cultured, and noble and become a pattern of regional cultural conservation and a filter against foreign cultures that are not in accordance with the personality of the nation. The method presented in this study uses a literature study with qualitative descriptiveness. The data used is secondary data such as books, journals, documents, and other publications. Data analysis was carried out in three stages, namely organize, synthesize, and identify. Through folklore, noble values can be instilled in the souls of students as part of character education. Learning Javanese language at the elementary school level not only teaches language and literature, but also shapes students’ personalities to behave according to Javanese culture that is polite and noble.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Folklore
  topic: keywords
subject: Javanese language learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Balqis Fauzatul Rohmah
creator: Choirul Anam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balqis Fauzatul Rohmah, Choirul Anam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 22
ending page: 32
doi: 10.61181/q4jqb137

Problems and Strategies of Teachers in the Application of the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesian Language Learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Fithrah Surabaya
type: item
description: The application of the Merdeka curriculum in Indonesian language learning has become a complex and challenging topic. Although the Merdeka Curriculum aims to provide more freedom to teachers and students in determining learning methods and materials, there are various problems that arise in its implementation. This research aims to identify and analyze the problems faced in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum, especially in learning Indonesian. As well as solutions carried out by teachers in overcoming problems that occur in the Class 5C Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Fithrah Surabaya class. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach and data collection techniques using observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of research on the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Fithrah Surabaya have started in stages since the 2022-2023 academic year and are going quite well even though there are obstacles such as students’ low interest in reading, poor understanding of vocabulary, and the inability to differentiate between standard language and internet language. The solutions implemented include getting students used to reading, choosing reading that they like but are educational, creating vocabulary learning media, as well as providing in-depth training and using technological media for contextual learning with regular evaluations.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Learning transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Merdeka curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia language learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Tuti Marlina
creator: Soleha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tuti Marlina, Soleha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 15
ending page: 21
doi: 10.61181/ww7hhj65

The Influence of Teaching Situations and Motivational Beliefs on Teaching Quality Ranking
type: item
description: Ratings conducted by students are usually used to evaluate the class process.Research shows that ratings are not only based on objective situational characteristics, but also reflect the characteristics of the assessor. This study uses data from1.745 undergraduate students of Prince Diponegoro University Nganjuk for the last 5 years.The study used single trait-multistate model analysis to unravel the variants of instructional quality (student support, cognitive activation). The relationship between motivational beliefs and the component that was also estimated to be consistent across the rankings was the effect of people. The ranking of teaching quality over time is consistent in the same lecture. Consistency is lower when teaching quality ratings are assessed in various lectures. Consistency is higher in lectures that are considered difficult by students than lectures that are considered important. Students who reported higher expectations for success and interest in lectures also rated instructional quality more positively in all teaching situations. The findings of the study show that the ranking of teaching quality is located and shaped by the characteristics of lectures.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Teaching quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Motivational beliefs
  topic: keywords
subject: Situation
  topic: keywords
subject: State-trait analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Supeno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Supeno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.61181/6vpcvs08

Integration of Religious Moderation Values in the Islamic Religious Education Learning
type: item
description: Islamic Religious Education in schools plays a crucial role in integrating religious moderation values to prevent intolerance, which is frequently observed among adolescents aged 14–20. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis. The research subjects include the school principal, vice principal, and Islamic Religious Education educators. The findings indicate that the religious moderation values integrated into Islamic Religious Education learning include tolerance, balance, harmony, humanism, equality, patriotism (hubbul wathon), mutual respect, forgiveness, cooperation, justice, discipline, and independence. These values are implemented through various approaches and integration strategies in Islamic Religious Education learning. The strategies include the traditional integration strategy, which emphasizes direct advice; the free-choice integration strategy, which allows students to internalize values independently; the reflective strategy, which connects theory with real-life experiences; the transinternal strategy, which emphasizes inner involvement; and the transdisciplinary strategy, which links religious values with other fields of knowledge. This study highlights that integrating religious moderation values in Islamic Religious Education learning is essential for shaping students into moderate, inclusive individuals with a balanced religious perspective. By employing appropriate strategies, schools can foster a harmonious educational environment free from intolerance.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Moderation
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Implementation
  topic: keywords
creator: Robi'ul Afif Nurul 'Aini
creator: Muhammad Zamroji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Robi'ul Afif Nurul 'Aini, Muhammad Zamroji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-19
publication date: 2025-04-19
starting page: 75
ending page: 81
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i2.504

The Relevance of Islamic Religious Values ​​in Fostering Religious Attitudes of Elementary School Students
type: item
description: Relevance of Islamic religious values through elementary school religious culture to learners aims so that students are knowledgeable, can imagine and apply according to Islamic teachings, so that it becomes a good personality later, Islamic values that include aqidah, shari’ah and morals. Madrasah religious culture is the way or mindest of behaving all members of the elementary school based on the values of Islamic religious values. Elementary school religious culture plays a very important role, namely internalizing the value of Islamic religious values of learners in developingthe religious culture of elementary school. The formulation of the problems in this study is: 1). How is the concept of relevance of Islamic religious values in developing religious culture elementary school?; 2). What is the strategy of relevance Islamic religious values in developing religious culture elementary school?; 3). What are the supporting factors and inhibitions of the relevance of Islamic religious values in developing the religious culture elementary school2? This research uses a type of qualitative research with a field approach (field research) using descriptive methods. Data collection techniques using Interviews, Observations, Documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, verification. Checking the validity of findings with Credibility, Transferability, Forwardability, Confirmability. The concept of relenvance of Islamic values in elementary school can create an alternative solutions to the relevance of Islamic values, in the form of elementary school religious culture. Contrasting Islamic values (ta’aruf, tolerance, please help, tasamuh, tawazun, family nature) and discipline in the form of outlook on life, behavior, attitude through uswatun hasanah or tauladan in religious culture in accordance with the vision and mission of elementary school. Relevance of Islamic values through the container of madrasah religious culture with the polic…
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Islamic religious value
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Culture
  topic: keywords
creator: Balqis Fauzatul Rohmah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balqis Fauzatul Rohmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-19
publication date: 2025-04-19
starting page: 65
ending page: 74
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i2.493

Independent Curriculum in Learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze the implementation process of the Independent Curriculum in learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation, and evaluate the effectiveness of this curriculum in improving the quality of learning. The Independent Curriculum is an educational policy that provides flexibility for educational institutions and teachers to determine teaching methods and materials that suit the needs of students. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method at one Madrasah Ibtidaiyah that has implemented the Independent Curriculum. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews with the head of the madrasah and teachers, as well as document analysis related to the curriculum implementation. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah still faces various challenges, such as the readiness of educators, limited facilities and infrastructure, as well as the understanding of parents regarding curriculum changes. However, there are supporting factors such as flexibility in learning, increased teacher creativity, and support from the Ministry of Religious Affairs in the form of training and mentoring. The conclusion of this study indicates that the Independent Curriculum has a positive impact on learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, especially in increasing students’ independence and creativity. However, improvements are needed in aspects of teacher training, strengthening infrastructure, and socializing with parents so that the implementation of this curriculum can run more optimally.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Independent Curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
  topic: keywords
subject: Implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhamad Taufiq Firmansyah
creator: Choirul Anam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Taufiq Firmansyah, Choirul Anam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-19
publication date: 2025-04-19
starting page: 58
ending page: 64
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i2.491

Blended Learning and its Influence on Improving Student Literacy Competencies
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze the effect of implementing blended learning on increasing student literacy competence at Kulon City 1 Bondowoso State Elementary School. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a Pre-test-Post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of two groups: an experimental group that applied blended learning and a control group that used conventional learning methods, each consisting of 30 students. Data was collected through a literacy test and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was a significant increase in students’ literacy scores in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The experimental group experienced an average increase in score of 20.34 points, while the control group only increased 6.66 points. The implementation of blended learning has proven effective in supporting the development of literacy skills, especially in the aspects of critical reading and argumentative writing. In addition, blended learning provides greater benefits for students with low initial abilities through a flexible and interactive learning approach. This research confirms that blended learning is an innovative solution in improving students’ literacy competencies in elementary schools. For program sustainability, strengthening technological infrastructure and teacher training is needed. Further studies are recommended to explore the long-term impact of blended learning as well as its application to various subjects.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Blended learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Literacy competency
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology-based learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Ansori
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ansori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-19
publication date: 2025-04-19
starting page: 50
ending page: 57
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i2.489

Innovative Learning Planning in the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project in Islamic Religious Education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and Elementary Schools
type: item
description: This research aims to examine innovations in lesson planning within the context of the Project to Strengthen the Students Profile of Pancasila in Islamic Education at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and Elementary Schools. Through a literature review method, the study identifies innovative strategies that can be applied to enhance the Pancasila student profile. The analysis includes educational theories, previous research, and the concept of the Pancasila student profile, along with its relevance to Islamic education at the elementary level. The findings indicate that innovations in lesson planning – such as using educational technology, project-based learning approaches, and integrating Pancasila values into the curriculum – can improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning. These findings have practical implications for educators in designing and implementing innovative teaching strategies to support strengthening the Pancasila student profile.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Lesson Planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Project to Strengthen Students Profile of Pancasila
  topic: keywords
subject: Subject of Islamic Religion Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Alfan Nur Azizi
creator: Dewi Masitoh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Alfan Nur Azizi, Dewi Masitoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-30
publication date: 2024-10-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 37
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i1.459

Problems of Language Acquisition from a Psycholinguistic Perspective
type: item
description: Language acquisition theory (LAT) is developing very rapidly. There are hundreds, even thousands of language assessment theories, but the ones that often appear in language study literature are twenty-four which are summarized in four groups, namely Behaviorist, Cognitive, Nativist, and Huanistic. The LAT Operant Conditioning Model is one of the behaviorist groups proposed and developed by B.F. Skinner, a very famous behaviorist psychologist in his time. Many new LATs have emerged that strengthen and weaken previous LATs, but do not mean eliminating or destroying them. Most new LATs criticize or weaken previous LATs. The Nativist Language Acquisition Device (LAD) of LAT Model is strongly supported by transformational generative linguistics and Descartes’ rationalist philosophy which believes that language is a reflection of human thought and intelligence and is always reproduced by individuals with operations that underlie the range of human desires and consciousness. Language is considered as something created by the dynamism and abilities of the human organism that focuses on its creative abilities. The Creative Construction Model of LAT emerged almost simultaneously with the Monitor Model of LAT.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: language acquisition theory
  topic: keywords
subject: problem
  topic: keywords
subject: psycholinguistik
  topic: keywords
creator: Choirul Anam
creator: Muhamad Taufiq Firmansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Choirul Anam, Muhamad Taufiq Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-30
publication date: 2024-10-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 27
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i1.458

Development of English Board Learning Media to Increase Learning Motivation in English Subjects in Grade 3 of Elementary Madrasah
type: item
description: Students are less motivated to follow the English learning process. The methods and approaches used by teachers are less interesting to students, still centered on the teacher. This study developed English board learning media, and to increase student enthusiasm and make it easier for teachers to transfer knowledge to students. English Board is expected to be fun, interesting, and motivating, and not make students bored when participating in English learning activities. The "English Board" learning media can increase student enthusiasm in learning and provide a pleasant learning experience for students. English Board media uses a research and development model. This study was only conducted in five stages, namely: 1) potential and problem stage, 2) data collection stage, 3) product design stage, 4) product validation stage, and 5) product revision stage. The results of the media validity obtained an average percentage of 89.77%, this result is included in the category of very good or very suitable for use in implementing English learning activities.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: learning media
  topic: keywords
subject: English borad
  topic: keywords
subject: learning motivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Diah Tri Novitaningrum
creator: Hanik Yuni Alfiyah
creator: Siti Halimatus Sa’diyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Diah Tri Novitaningrum, Hanik Yuni Alfiyah, Siti Halimatus Sa’diyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-30
publication date: 2024-10-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 20
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i1.448

Teachers Efforts in Preventing Bullying Behavior
type: item
description: This study describes the forms and efforts of teachers in preventing bullying behavior in students at Madrasah Ibtida'iyah At-Taqwa Bondowoso. Qualitative methods produce naturalistic data in the form of reasonable explanations. Data from observations, documentation, and interviews were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study indicate that teachers' efforts in preventing bullying behavior have been maximized and are very effective and can prevent and minimize the occurrence of bullying behavior. Schools become more conducive and the learning process can run well. The success of preventing bullying in schools can be seen from the attitudes and behavior of students in everyday life who respect each other, teachers, parents and people around them, do not say bad things, act compactly and dare to take responsibility, and fear Allah by avoiding all things that are forbidden and doing what He commands.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: bullying
  topic: keywords
subject: teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: students
  topic: keywords
subject: efforts
  topic: keywords
creator: Ansori
creator: Fatik Lutviana Anggraini
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Choirul Ansori, Fatik Lutviana Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-30
publication date: 2024-10-30
starting page: 6
ending page: 12
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i1.436

Challenges and Strategies for Implementing Inclusive Curriculum in Elementary Schools
type: item
description: This study aims to evaluate the challenges and strategies in implementing an inclusive curriculum at Elementary Sshool II Dasin. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and document analysis. The subjects consist of ten teachers who have been involved in the implementation of the inclusive curriculum over the past two years. The findings indicate several challenges in implementing the curriculum. First, there is a lack of competent human resources, low involvement of parents and the community, and limited support from the school. The study also identifies strategies to effectively address these challenges, such as educator training, the establishment of an inclusion committee at the school, and increasing parental and community participation in the implementation of the inclusive curriculum.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: inclusive curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: strategy
  topic: keywords
creator: Ziana Dhurrotul Ainiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ziana Dhurrotul Ainiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-30
publication date: 2024-10-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i1.440

Internalisasi Pendidikan Profetik dalam Pendidikan Islam
type: item
description: Prophetic education is an educational method that takes inspiration from the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad Saw. where the principle is to prioritize integration. The process of education or transfer of knowledge in the field of knowledge must be based on what is in the Qur'an and As-Sunnah, so that the goals of the world and the hereafter can be achieved simultaneously through prophetic education, the purpose of this study is to describe the process of internalizing prophetic education. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach in the form of library research. The analysis technique used is content analysis. The results of this study indicate that 1) Prophetic education is the process of transferring knowledge and prophetic values that aim to build morals, as well as getting closer to God and nature while understanding them to build an ideal social community (khoirul ummah), as well as the achievement of intellectual, emotional, and moral learners who can develop as a whole. 2) The internalization of prophetic education is carried out with 3 stages, namely the value transformation stage, the value transaction stage, and the transinternalization stage.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Internalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Prophetic
  topic: keywords
creator: Moh. Vito Miftahul Munif
creator: Ali Audah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Moh. Vito Miftahul Munif, Ali Audah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-30
publication date: 2024-04-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 33
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i2.422

Kontribusi Apersepsi dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
type: item
description: Islamic religious education has an important role in growing and increasing faith, noble character and practicing the teachings of the Islamic religion. The role of teachers is also very large in achieving success in the teaching and learning process. Apperception needs to be done to find out students' knowledge, motivate students by presenting interesting material and encourage students to know various new things. Apperception carried out by the teacher can direct students' knowledge towards the learning objectives to be achieved. Reviewing the lessons that have been learned, conveying inspirational stories, providing motivation given to students will greatly influence the level of thinking and students' understanding of the lesson material provided by the teacher. The results of the research conducted by the author can be seen that: 1). Teachers foster students' enthusiasm for learning through several methods such as telling inspirational stories, advice, role models, fun stories, ice breaking and others. The forms of apperception that are applied are checking students' understanding of the subject matter in previous material, relating a phenomenon to the material to be studied, relating the subject matter presented to the context of everyday life so that students can understand the explanation or description of what they have learned. studied. From this understanding, students will realize and try to practice the values ​​of Islamic teachings so that their thinking, acting and behaving are always imbued with Islamic values ​​which will ultimately form a person who is devout and has good moral character.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Apperception
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic education
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Zamroji
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Zamroji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-30
publication date: 2024-04-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 27
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i2.402

Islamic Religious Education Learning in Elementary School Plus at Islamic Boarding School
type: item
description: This study explores the implementation of Islamic Religious Education based on Islamic Boarding School teaching at Elementary School Plus of Al-Anwar Islamic Boarding School Paculgowang. The primary objective is to analyze how Islamic Boarding School-based learning methods are applied in elementary education and their impact on students’ academics and character development. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, where data is collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Islamic Religious Education learning at this school adopts Islamic Boarding School-based methods, such as daily practices of sholat dhuha, memorization of short surahs, and congregational sholat dhuhur. Additionally, the curriculum integrates classical Islamic Boarding School books like Mabadi’ul Fiqih, Akhlakul Banin, and Tauhid, which provide students with a deeper understanding of Islamic teachings. Evaluation is conducted through oral and written tests, daily behavioral observations, and the sorogan method in kitab reading. The impact of Islamic Boarding School-based education is evident in students’ discipline in worship, respectful behavior, and harmonious social interactions between students, teachers, and parents. With these positive outcomes, this educational model can serve as a reference for other schools seeking to integrate Islamic Boarding School systems into elementary education curricula.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Religious Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Boarding School
  topic: keywords
subject: value-based learning
  topic: keywords
subject: elementary education
  topic: keywords
creator: Novia Rosyidah Hidayati Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Novia Rosyidah Hidayati Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-19
publication date: 2025-04-19
starting page: 38
ending page: 49
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v2i2.388

Pembelajaran Materi Perkalian Dasar dengan Menggunakan Metode Menghadirkan Matematika dalam Kehidupan Peserta Didik (MMDKP)
type: item
description: The aim of writing this paper is to describe the application of the method of presenting mathematics in students' lives (MMDKP) for learning basic multiplication for grade 2 students. This MMDKP method departs from the learning theory put forward by Dienes. Dienes views mathematics as investigating structures, classifying structures, sorting out structural relationships. Dienes believes that every mathematical concept or principle can be understood correctly if the concepts or principles are presented through various concrete and varied representations. The MMDKP method aims to attract students' interest in mathematics. Because if you use the MMDKP method, there are steps that must be followed so that students do not have difficulty understanding the mathematical concepts that will be taught. These steps start from something concrete (real objects) then proceed to semi-concrete (real objects are replaced with images) and finally abstract (only in the form of numbers and symbols). This can reduce a view of mathematics that was initially very abstract to a less abstract level.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Mathematic
  topic: keywords
subject: MMDKP
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhamad Taufiq Firmansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhamad Taufiq Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-30
publication date: 2024-04-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 20
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i2.386

Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the implementation of learning and mathematics learning outcomes in data presentation material by applying the group investigation type cooperative learning model in VA class MI Al-Ghozali Surabaya. The subjects of this study were 16 students in VA MI Al-Ghozali's class. The research method that researchers use is Classroom Action Research with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, tests and documentation. The results showed that the cooperative learning model of the group investigation type can improve student learning outcomes in mathematics learning material for presenting data. This can be proven by the analysis obtained from the results in cycle I and cycle II. The average student gain in cycle I was 78.75. Of the 16 students who took the final results test for cycle I, there were 11 students whose scores reached the KKM, which was 75. Furthermore, in cycle II, the average student score increased to 86.87 and all students had achieved the KKM score. In cycle II it experienced an average increase of 8.12. This shows that action research stopped in cycle II, because action learning in cycle II succeeded in increasing student learning outcomes.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Cooperative learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Group investigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning model
  topic: keywords
creator: Tuti Marlina
creator: Devi Ismiatul Hikmah
creator: Choirul Anam
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Tuti Marlina, Devi Ismiatul Hikmah, Choirul Anam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-30
publication date: 2024-04-30
starting page: 10
ending page: 14
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i2.382

Dinamika Interaksi Sosial di Lingkungan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Yaqin Surabaya
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the roles of teachers and school policies in shaping the dynamics of social interaction at MI Nurul Yaqin Surabaya. Through qualitative methods involving interview data collection, observation, and documentation, information was gathered to analyze the factors influencing student interaction within the madrasah environment. The findings indicate that the inclusive and responsive role of teachers to students' needs, along with a conducive classroom environment, significantly contribute to the dynamics of social interaction in the classroom. Additionally, the implementation of supportive school policies, such as extracurricular activities, plays a crucial role in fostering positive interactions among students. However, challenges exist in dealing with student diversity, differences in learning abilities, and communication barriers among students. Therefore, focused and integrated efforts among teachers, the classroom environment, and school policies are necessary to create an inclusive and dynamic learning environment that supports positive social interaction at MI Nurul Yaqin Surabaya.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Social
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic educational institutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Ficky Dewi Ixfina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ficky Dewi Ixfina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-30
publication date: 2024-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i2.381

Penanaman Pendidikan Karakter Religius di Lembaga Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Yaqin Surabaya
type: item
description: The main focus of the research is to understand the extent to which religious character education programs have been implemented and have an influence in students' daily lives. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research using interview techniques, observation and documentation. The research results show that the religious character education program at MI Nurul Yaqin Surabaya has been well structured and is running smoothly, but there is still room for improvement and adjustments to increase its effectiveness. As a follow-up, it is recommended that madrasas continue to carry out regular evaluations of religious character education programs, hold training for teachers regarding more effective implementation, and increase parent participation in supporting religious character education at home and school. In this way, MI Nurul Yaqin can ensure that its religious character education program achieves the expected goals and has a positive impact on overall student development.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: character
  topic: keywords
subject: religion
  topic: keywords
creator: Ficky Dewi Ixfina
creator: Soleha
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ficky Dewi Ixfina, Soleha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-10-20
publication date: 2023-10-20
starting page: 25
ending page: 31
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i1.375

Animation Interactive Base Learning pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Materi Siklus Air Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Uwais
type: item
description: Tujuan riset ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan media interaktif animasi dan bagaimana minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajran IPA materi Siklus Air serta adakah hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan media interaktif terhadap minat belajar IPA materi Siklus Air siswa kelas V MI Al Uwais. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemenarikan penggunaan media interaktif pada rentang 37-38 (52%), sedangkan minat belajar siswa saat penggunaan media sebesar 40-41 (38%) dimana hubungan antara keduanya pada nilai 4,435 ≥ 0,325 dengan koefisien determinasi 61%.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Animation
  topic: keywords
subject: Base Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: IPA
  topic: keywords
subject: Siklus Air
  topic: keywords
creator: Fuad Fitriawan
creator: Fitria Nur Rohmah
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Fuad Fitriawan, Fitria Nur Rohmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-10-20
publication date: 2023-10-20
starting page: 32
ending page: 42
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i1.370

Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik Berbasis Living Values Education Melalui Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka
type: item
description: This study is motivated by the many phenomena that occur on the problem of social behavior deviations in the nation's children who cause a crisis of character. Character education is needed to minimize negative characters in children. LVE values that include the values of cooperation, freedom, happiness, honesty, humility, love, peace, respect, responsibility, simplicity, tolerance, and unity are the expectations of all people. One of the activities that implement character education is extracurricular scouting, which through its activities seeks to foster the character of students in order to have good character in them.This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of qualitative descriptive research with interviews, observations, and comments as data collection techniques. The subjects used were the principal, homeroom teacher, and scoutmaster.Based on the results of research that has been done, it can be concluded as follows: 1) the concept of character formation of students based on living values education through extracurricular scouting, namely, the necessary uniformity of steps in the implementation of extracurricular scouting through the Scout Movement program and standby gudep sdit Al-Kautsar Ngoro. 2) efforts in shaping the character of students through extracurricular scouting include routine exercises include the practice of the Scout movement honor code, learning by doing, team and group systems. In addition, the role model of scoutmaster in the implementation of extracurricular scouting is very influential in the formation of the value of the character of students. 3) supporting factors in the implementation of character building include scoutmaster, Guardian cooperation, adequate infrastructure. For an obstacle to the formation of character lies only in the division of time. Because there are various extracurricular activities in sdit Al-Kauthar school and the application of full day school makes all activities in learning dense. No action to ove…
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Character based living values education
  topic: keywords
subject: Extracurricular scouts
  topic: keywords
creator: Choirul Anam
creator: Rismaa Jauharotul Maknuunah
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Choirul Anam, Rismaa Jauharotul Maknuunah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-10-20
publication date: 2023-10-20
starting page: 17
ending page: 24
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i1.324

Pengaruh Penggunaan Alat Peraga Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Tematik Siswa Kelas V
type: item
description: Abstract: The use of teaching aids is one way that teachers can use to increase students' thematic learning motivation. The success of using teaching aids is determined by whether or not students are motivated by following a learning process. teaching aids are tools used to assist the teaching and learning process so that the communication process runs better and is communicative. While motivation is an impulse that arises in each individual to do something. the researchers wanted to conduct a study with a focus on the effect of the use of teaching aids on the thematic learning motivation of fifth grade students at MI. Raden Rahmat Kauman 2021/2022, which includes: 1) teaching aids in MI. Raden Rahmat 2) the application of teaching aids in increasing the thematic learning motivation of fifth grade students 3) the effect of using teaching aids on the thematic learning motivation of fifth grade students at MI. raden of the mercy of the people. The type of research used is field research with a correlational approach. data obtained through observation, questionnaires, and interviews. analysis is done through; normality test, data homogeneity test, data linearity test, linear regression equation, correlation coefficient, and coefficient of determination. The results of this study are at a significant level of 5% with N = 14 is 0.5314. it is known that F arithmetic is greater than f table (0.7619 < 0.5324). based on the calculation results also show that between the variables of the use of teaching aids (variable X) on the thematic learning motivation of class V students (variable y) there is an effect of 51.4%. Thus it can be concluded that there is an effect of using teaching aids on the thematic learning motivation of fifth grade students at MI. Raden Rahmat Kauman.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Teaching Aids
  topic: keywords
subject: Thematic Learning Motivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhamad Taufiq Firmansyah
creator: Yuni Khusniati
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Muhamad Taufiq Firmansyah, Yuni Khusniati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-10-20
publication date: 2023-10-20
starting page: 11
ending page: 16
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i1.323

Menumbuhkan Altruisme Siswa Melalui Kisah Nabi Ayyub a.s dan Khalifah Umar bin Khattab r.a
type: item
description: Altruistic behavior needs to be cultivated from an early age. Altruism encourages children to help people who are in trouble or in pain. Strong moral emotions encourage children to act rightly, because children are able to see the distress of others, thus preventing them from taking actions that can hurt others. This study aims to foster altuism through the stories of the Prophet Ayyub As and Caliph Umar bin Khattab Ra. This experimental study divided 39 Class VI students of Madrasah Ibtida'iyah Darul Huda Purwoasri Kediri, into three groups, each group consisting of 13 students, namely the experimental group-1 received the story of the Prophet Ayyub As; experimental group-2 got the story of Caliph Umar bin Khattab Ra, and; the control group did not get the story. The data collection tool used is an altuism questionnaire. Actions in the form of stories are given in controlled situations. After finishing the story for 1 week, a post-test of altruism was carried out. Altruism data between groups were analyzed by One-way Anova. The results showed that the stories of the Prophet Ayyub As and the Caliph Umar bin Khattab Ra had a positive effect on fostering student altruism. Spiritual themed stories are useful for developing altruism since early adolescence. Adolescents become like to give or share, like to cooperate, like to do charity, like to help, honest, like to give, consider the rights and welfare of others.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Altruism
  topic: keywords
subject: Caliph Umar bin Khattab r.a
  topic: keywords
subject: Prophet Ayyub a.s
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Audah
creator: Aminto
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ali Audah, Aminto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-10-20
publication date: 2023-10-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.61181/tarsib.v1i1.322